In keeping with the unofficial Differentiated Services design principle of marking traffic as close to its source as possible, IP phones mark voice-bearer traffic (to DSCP EF) and Call-Signaling traffic (currently, to DSCP AF31, but this will soon change to DSCP CS3) on the phones themselves. Some IP/VC devices mark Interactive-Video traffic to AF41 on their network interface cards (NICs).
However, as has already been discussed, it is not recommended that end-user PCs be trusted to set their CoS/DSCP markings correctly because users easily can abuse this (either unintentionally or deliberately). Therefore, application traffic that originates from untrusted hosts should be marked on it network audit.
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